News Update

News Update
March 13, 2007

Brush Up on Safety, Weather When Planning to Burn

It can be a scary sight — topping a hill and coming across a line of fire as far as the eye can see. But, planned burning of the prairie can help reduce brush and invasive plant species, improve grass production, and even reduce the risk of wildfires, Kansas State University (K-State) range and weather experts said.

Planned or prescribed burning also reduces litter and helps maintain productive grasslands, said Walt Fick, rangeland management specialist with K-State Research and Extension. It can increase wildlife populations, improve grazing distribution and ultimately increase livestock weight gain.

Open burning is prohibited in Kansas except in certain situations, including agricultural purposes, he said.

How often to burn depends on rancher goals or whatever a rancher is trying to accomplish, Fick said. Maintaining tallgrass prairie requires a burn every two to four years, but a less frequent use of fire is necessary on grasslands receiving less precipitation.

“K-State has been studying burning and its effects on the prairie in one way or another since 1918,” Fick said. “Burning at different times of the year produces different results.”

Kansans who have acreage enrolled in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) must burn during the Feb. 1-April 15 period.

If a landowner’s main purpose for burning is to help create better wildlife habitat, he or she should burn earlier, rather than later in the spring — generally in the February through March time period, Fick said. Burning earlier does less damage to broadleaf plant species.

To control eastern red cedar — which has proven a particularly invasive plant species on the Kansas prairie — the burning time is not so critical, he said. For other brush control, however, a later-season burn once the woody plants have leafed out is better. That’s more in the mid-April to early May time frame.

If burning during the spring to enhance forage for beef stocker gains, a late spring burn (mid- to late April) works best. The burn should take place just after the warm-season grasses have started growth and are 1 to 1.5 inches tall, Fick said. Timing is not as critical for cow-calf operations.

No matter the primary reason for burning, however, property owners must be mindful of the weather forecast and the need to protect people and property, he said.

“Anyone planning a prescribed burn on their property has a number of free resources available to help make the burn safe and effective,” said state climatologist Mary Knapp, who is in charge of the Weather Data Library, based at K-State. “The National Weather Service has introduced a new Fire Weather Forecast product to help property owners in Kansas plan the appropriate timing of burns.”

The Kansas Weather Data Library’s fire information is accessible online at www.oznet.ksu.edu/WDL/fire_weather_links.htm. The link to the National Weather Service Fire weather page (http://fire.boi.noaa.gov/) and the northeast Kansas NWS product can be found at www.crh.noaa.gov/top?n=fire.

K-State Research and Extension has several publications on burning available at its county and district Extension offices. The publications are also available for downloading at www.oznet.ksu.edu/library. Fill in the name and publication number in the Search function.

• Prescribed burning as a management practice L-815 (2000)

• Prescribed burning - planning and conducting L-664 (1996)

• Prescribed burning safety L-565 (1996)

• Prescribed burning equipment L-876 (1993)

• Protecting your property from wildfire MF-2241 (1997)

• Management following wildfire L-514 (1992)

The publications delve into smoke management and fire techniques, such as the ring fire and back-fire methods. They include detailed safety information.

Make Safety the Priority When Planning a Burn

Springtime means burning time on the Kansas prairie for many landowners, and the order of importance should be safety first and effectiveness second, said Kansas State University (K-State) agronomist Walt Fick.

Fick, who is a rangeland management specialist with K-State Research and Extension, provided these tips for landowners to keep in mind when planning a prescribed burn:

• Monitor the weather forecast for the area in which you plan to burn.

• Safe wind speeds are 5 to 15 mph.

• Wind should be steady from one direction.

• Cloud cover should be maximum 70% with a minimum 2,000-foot (ft.) ceiling.

• Temperature should be 55 to 80 degrees F.

• Relative humidity should be in the 40% to 70% range.

• Notify the proper authorities when planning to burn, including neighbors, the local fire department and/or law enforcement agencies (depending on the area).

• Do not burn at night. It’s too hard to see landmarks, to maneuver and to judge distances.

More information on how to conduct safe and effective planned burns is available at K-State Research and Extension county and district offices and on the Web at www.oznet.ksu.edu/library. (Type “burning” into the search function.)

The National Weather Service Web sites: www.crh.noaa.gov/top?n=fire and http://fire.boi.noaa.gov/ also have information landowners can use prior to conducting a burn.

— Articles provided by K-State Research and Extension.